Tuesday, July 14, 2009

LINUX USE AND WORK WITH "VI EDITOR"


The editor found nearly every UNIX and LINUX system is “VI editor”, originally written by Bill Joy. It is simple to use but incredible capable editor features of the some cryptic commands set. Older more experienced UNIX and LINUX user continue to use “VI” intensively during computing session.

The “VI” commands work by using insect or editing mode and a viewing (or command mode).

To start editing, tap the ! key to insert text. Or to append text, when finish use ESC key to toggle out of the insert or append modes and into the viewing (or command mode) to enter a command type a semicolon (;) write the file name and press . The “VI” supports many complex editing operations and numerous commands, to accomplish work by using a few basic commands.

DESCRIPTION

COMMANDS

CURSOR MOVEMENT

h, j, k, l (left, down, up & right).

DELETE CHARACTER

x.

DELETE LINE

dd.

MODE TOGGLE

ESC, insert (or i).

QUIT

q.

QUIT WITHOUT SAVING

q!

RUN AS SHELL COMMAND

Sh (use “exit” to return).

SAVE FILE

w.

TEXT SEARCH

/.

Saturday, July 11, 2009

TAKE IT EASY LINUX INSTALLATION


Ø To get start, first insert the RED HAT LINUX CD in CD-ROM and reboot the computer, first scene boot screen that offer the variety of option for booting.

Ø start the installation using graphical interface. The graphical interface supported a mouse and offer check boxes and text field for choosing software, configuring options.

Ø After check CD-ROM or skipping the checking, presented with a welcome screen, press to continue and then select the language for the installation.

Ø Then it will ask to select a keyboard. Choose the appropriate keyboard option which can be used to configure Linux support a specific language.

Ø Select the mouse type for Linux session, and also Linux support USB devices, including USB mice.

Ø To select the new partition on the hard drive, use add partition dialog box assign a mount point (such as /root/) assign a file system (like ext2, ext3, RAID, SWAP etc) assign the size of the partition and then press OK.

Ø Then screen appears asking to select a boot loader for booting RED HAT LINUX, GRUB and LILO are two types of boot loader it installed in the first sector of the Linux partition.

Ø And then to enter password, it will subsequently need to enter three passwords (BIOS, boot loader and login) in order to access Linux, then highlight OK and press .

Ø If installed the network adopter so select the graphical network Administration tools. Then insert the networking configuration information, when finish click OK and select firewall configuration.

Ø The medium setting might be acceptable for use and Internet protected by the firewall and served by an Internet gateway.

Ø And then select to install the software. If choose the personal desktop, workstation, or other installation type, the software packages appropriate for that installation will be selected. Each package provides many different individual software packages.

Ø After finishing the installation press OK and RED HAT LINUX will eject any inserted CD in CD-ROM. Reboot system the GRUB boot loader will present a graphical boot prompt and LILO boot loader also provide a graphical display…

LINUX CHECKING HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY


RED HAT LINUX software for Intel-based PCs is compiled for the minimum x 86 platforms supported by the Linux Kernel, x 386 CPUs family.

If a particular Laptop or PC model, it should also check with it manufacturer for Linux support issue. Enlightened manufacturer now offer Linux preinstalled or have in-house Linux hardware certification programs.

Friday, July 10, 2009

LINUX PREPARING FOR HARD DRIVE STORAGE

Making room of RED HAT LINUX how to use existing hard drive space it use only one operating system on computer. A full install of Linux will require at least 5GB hard drive space just for the software, so if plan to install everything, 10GB hard drive will be ideal for a workstation.

Tuesday, July 7, 2009

NOT HIGH HARDWARE REQUIREMENT FOR LINUX INSTALLATION

RED HAT LINUX can be installed on and will run on a wide verity of Intel-based hardware. This inclusion legacy platform up to the latest workstation, rack-mounted system and multiprocessor server available from the entire tier of computer hardware vendors, small, medium size and even large scale of RED HAT LINUX are available such as IBM.

INITIAL PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION OF LINUX

There are many factors of using RED HAT LINUX as a computing solution. The current distribution can fill many roles of various tiers and hardware platforms because RED HAT LINUX offered pre-configured installation script of fit development workstation, e-commerce, server and mobile platform needs only the required software will be installed.

Saturday, July 4, 2009

CHARACTERISTICS OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

  • Linux is the first full operating system available for Intel’s new titanium CPU and supports are available for HP, Compaq’s Alpha and Sun Microsystems SPARC CPUs.
  • Linux provide for a much wider user based extend the life of older working hardware and help save money for home, small business and even corporate user.
  • Linux can be work as a server platform; Linux is fast, secure, stable, scaleable and robust. Linux Kernel easily support multiprocessor computer system (optimized for eight CPUs) large amount of system memory (up to 64GB RAM) individual file size in excess of hundreds of gigabytes.
  • Red Hat Linux also spent quite a bit of effort on developing a comprehensive suit of graphical administrative programs or software tools.
  • The major features of Red Hat Linux are the inclusion of the latest GNU gee compiler system, supporting C/C++ language program development. The newest major version of the Apache Web Server and the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) which support more than 1000 different printers.

INTRODUCTION TO LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

Linux is an operating system which is the product of RED HAT in 1994 MARC EVING and BOB YOUNG combine to create “RED HAT LINUX” in order to develop release and easy to installed, easy managed and easy to used and combining the Linux Kernel with (GNU), software tools, drivers, utilities, interfaces and other software like the xfree86 project window system.

Saturday, June 27, 2009

What is LINUX?

Linux is the Core of Kernel of the free operating system first developed and released to the world by “Linux Benedict Torvalds” in 1991. A graduate student at the University of Helsinki, Finland and now an Engineer with the CPU design and fabrication company Transmute. Fortuitously choose to distribute under free software license named the GNU (general public license) GPL.

Thursday, June 25, 2009

LINUX


Tux the penguin, mascot of the Linux kernel


  • OS family Unix-like
  • Working state Current
  • Latest stable release Kernel 2.6.30 (9th June 2009)
  • Latest unstable release n/a
  • Supported platforms x86, MIPS, x86-64, SPARC, DEC Alpha, Itanium, PowerPC, ARM, and more
  • Kernel type Monolithic kernel
  • License Various including GNU General Public License, BSD License, Apache License and others

FORGET IT ALL USING JUST LINUX

There are lots of International Companies which made operating systems for us. Microsoft provides the major contribution in the making of an OS. Microsoft’s WINDOWS is the best OS and easy to use for all environments, but here in the syllabus of Diploma of Associates Engineer (DAE) in third year we are studying and discussing the UNIX/LINUX.

Linux is a generic term referring to Unix-like computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel. Their development is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under the terms of the GNU GPL and other free licenses.

Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers, although it is installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from embedded devices and mobile phones to supercomputers. Linux distributions, installed on both desktop and laptop computers, have become increasingly commonplace in recent years, owing largely to the popular Ubuntu distribution and to the emergence of netbooks.

The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel, originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The rest of the system usually comprises components such as the Apache HTTP Server, the X Window System, the K Desktop Environment, and utilities and libraries from the GNU operating system (announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman). Commonly-used applications with desktop Linux systems include the Mozilla Firefox web-browser and the OpenOffice.org office application suite. The GNU contribution is the basis for the Free Software Foundation's preferred name GNU/Linux.

This technology give us lots of opportunity to us. We're the students of third year are excited and happy to read this information.


Monday, June 22, 2009

OS is abbrivated as OPERATING SYSTEM

What is an Operating System (OS)?

An operating system is a program that acts as an intermediary between user of a computer and the computer hardware. An operating system is an important part of almost every computer system.

Purpose of an Operating System:

The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs.


Goal of an Operating System:
There are two goals of an operating system which are as follows:



Primary Goal:
The primary goal of an operating system is thus to make the computer system convenient to use.

Secondary Goal:
A secondary goal is to use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

Sunday, June 21, 2009

THE OPERATING SYSTEM

The Operating System controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various applications programs for the various users. An operating system is similar to a government. The operating system provides the means for the proper use of these resources in operation of the computer system. Like a government, the operating system performs no useful function by itself. It simply provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work.

Operating system
(commonly abbreviated to either OS or O/S) is an interface between hardware and user; it is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for computing applications that are run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application programs from having to manage these details and makes it easier to write applications. Almost all computers (including handheld computers, desktop computers, supercomputers, video game consoles) as well as some robots, domestic appliances (dishwashers, washing machines), and portable media players use an operating system of some type. Some of the oldest models may however use an embedded operating system, that may be contained on a compact disk or other data storage device.

Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users. Applications access these services through application programming interfaces (APIs) or system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. Users may also interact with the operating system with some kind of software user interface (UI) like typing commands by using command line interface (CLI) or using a graphical user interface (GUI, commonly pronounced “gooey”). For hand-held and desktop computers, the user interface is generally considered part of the operating system. On large multi-user systems like Unix and Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system. (Whether the user interface should be included as part of the operating system is a point of contention.)

Common contemporary operating system families include BSD, Darwin (Mac OS X), Linux, SunOS (Solaris/OpenSolaris), and Windows NT (XP/Vista/7). While servers generally run Unix or some Unix-like operating system, embedded system markets are split amongst several operating systems.

THE APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS

Database systems, games, business programs define the ways in which these resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users.

Application software is any tool that functions and is operated by means of a computer, with the purpose of supporting or improving the software user's work. In other words, it is the subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software (infrastructure) or middleware (computer services/ processes integrators), which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. In this context the term application refers to both the application software and its implementation.

A simple, if imperfect analogy in the world of hardware would be the relationship of an electric light bulb (an application) to an electric power generation plant (a system). The power plant merely generates electricity, not itself of any real use until harnessed to an application like the electric light that performs a service that benefits the user.

Typical examples of 'software applications' are word processors, spreadsheets, media players and database applications.

Multiple applications bundled together as a package are sometimes referred to as an application suite. Microsoft Office, OpenOffice.org, and iWork, which bundle together a word processor, a spreadsheet, and several other discrete applications, are typical examples. The separate applications in a suite usually have a user interface that has some commonality making it easier for the user to learn and use each application. And often they may have some capability to interact with each other in ways beneficial to the user. For example, a spreadsheet may be embedded in a word processor document even though it has been created in a separate spreadsheet application.

User-written software tailors systems to meet the user's specific needs. User-written software include spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics and animation scripts. Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is.

In some types of embedded systems, the application software and the operating system software may be indistinguishable to the user, as in the case of software used to control a VCR, DVD player or microwave oven.

It is important to note that this definition may exclude some applications that may exist on some computers in large organizations. For an alternative definition of an application: see Application Portfolio Management.

THE HARDWARE

The Central Processing Unit (CPU), the memory, and the input/output (I/O) devices provide the basic computing resources.
The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

A computer system can be divided roughly into four components: the hardware, the applications programs, the operating system, and the user. Computer is basically a man handled machine. It is made by human and its run by human too. So, therefore computer's parts and its complication is on one side but its advantages on other side.

A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.

Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These first electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into a wristwatch, and can be powered by a watch battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are most people think of as "computers". The embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are however the most numerous.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a mobile phone to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.